Computer Fundamentals Section | Basic Computer Knowledge

  • 1. ASCII stands for
   A.) American Standard Code for Information Interchange
   B.) American Stable Code for International Interchange
   C.) American Standard Case for Institutional Interchange
   D.) American Standard Code for Interchange Information

Answer: Option 'A'

ASCII is a code that converts the characters - letters, numbers, punctuation and control characters such as Alt, Tab etc - digitally from the ASCII code is used to represent data internally in the microcomputer ASCII codes 7 bits and can represent 0 to 127 and are 8-bit ASCII, which represents 0 to 255.

  • 2. EBCDIC stands for
   A.) Extended Binary Case Decimal Interchange Code
   B.) Extended Bit Case Decimal Interchange Code
   C.) Extended Bit Cod Decimal Interchange Code
   D.) Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code

Answer: Option 'D'

EBCDIC is an 8-bit binary code for large IBM mainframes primarily wherein each byte represent an alphanumeric character or two decimal digits. 256 characters can be encoded using EBCDIC ..

  • 3. BCD is
   A.) Binary Coded Digit
   B.) Binary Coded Decimal
   C.) Bit Coded Decimal
   D.) Bit Coded Digit

Answer: Option 'B'

Explanation: BCD is encoded in binary notation wherein each of the decimal digits is expressed in 8 - bit binary number. For example, binary coded decimal notation 12 is 0001 0010 compared to 1100 in pure binary.

  • 4. Which of the following is first generation of computer
   A.) ICL-2900
   B.) CDC-1604
   C.) IBM-1401
   D.) EDSAC

Answer: Option 'D'

IBM-1401, CDC-1604 is the second generation computer. ICL-2900 is a fourth-generation computer.  EDSAC is important in the development of the computer because it was the first computer to use John von. Concept Neumann recorded program. It used 3,000 vacuum tubes and computers with vacuum tubes are the first generation computers.

  • 5. FORTRAN is
   A.) File Translation
   B.) Floppy Translation
   C.) Format Translation
   D.) Formula Translation

Answer: Option 'C'

Answer: Option 'C'
FORTRAN (Formula Translation) is one of the earlier High Level programming languages used to write scientific applications. It was developed by IBM in 1956.

  • 6. Chief component of first generation computer was
   A.) Vacuum Tubes and Valves
   B.) Transistors
   C.) Integrated Circuits
   D.) All of above

Answer: Option 'A'

Transistors were used for second-generation computers and integrated circuits to the third generation.
First generation computers used vacuum tubes and valves as a main electronic component.
Vacuum tubes were invented by Lee DeForest in 1908.

  • 7. EEPROM stand for
   A.) Easily Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
   B.) Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
   C.) Electronic Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
   D.) None of the above

Answer: Option 'C'

FORTRAN (Formula Translation) is one of the earlier High Level programming languages used to write scientific applications. It was developed by IBM in 1956.

  • 8. Second Generation computers were developed during
   A.) 1970 to 1990
   B.) 1965 to 1970
   C.) 1956 to 1965
   D.) 1949 to 1955

Answer: Option 'C'

Second generation computers used transistors as Their main electronic component. Was transistor invented by Bell Lab Scientists John Burdeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley in 1947 and won the Nobel Prize in 1956 profit It was not used in computers till 1956. The second generation continued up to the implementation of IC chips invented by Jack Kilby in Texas instruments in 1958.

  • 9. Microprocessors as switching devices are for which generation computers
   A.) First Generation
   B.) Second Generation
   C.) Third Generation
   D.) Fourth Generation

Answer: Option 'D'

Microprocessors more revolutionized the development of computers. micro PCs have been possible thanks to microprocessors. The first Intel 4004 microprocessor called was developed by American Intel Corporation 1971. Microprocessors are used in the fourth generation of computers of computers.

  • 10. The computer size was very large in
   A.) First Generation
   B.) Second Generation
   C.) Third Generation
   D.) Fourth Generation

Answer: Option ''

It is obvious that computers developed with more power, reliability, speed and smaller size due to improved technology. First generation computers used vacuum tubes 1000s which require much space made their gigantic size. 1000 single transistor could replace vacuum tubes and a single chip IC replace 1000s realized transistors smaller and faster computers.

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